How to Wash Wool, wool is a versatile, natural fiber known for its durability, warmth, and comfort. However, washing wool garments requires special care to maintain their softness, shape, and longevity. Unlike synthetic fibers or cotton, wool can shrink or become misshapen if handled improperly. Understanding the right techniques for washing wool can extend the life of your woolen items, whether it’s a favorite sweater, a luxurious scarf, or a cozy blanket.
In this comprehensive guide, we’ll cover everything you need to know about washing wool—from understanding its unique properties to step-by-step instructions for both handwashing and machine washing. We’ll also address drying and storing wool, as well as troubleshooting common issues like shrinkage and pilling.
The Unique Properties of Wool
Wool is a natural fiber sourced primarily from sheep, though other animals like goats (cashmere) and alpacas also provide wool. Wool fibers have a complex structure, composed of protein molecules called keratin, which are similar to the proteins found in human hair. This composition gives wool several distinctive properties:
- Elasticity: Wool fibers are highly elastic, allowing them to stretch and return to their original shape. This makes wool garments more resilient to wear and tear compared to other fabrics.
- Crimp: Wool fibers have a natural crimp, which traps air and helps to insulate the body. This characteristic makes wool particularly useful in cold climates, as it provides excellent thermal insulation.
- Moisture-wicking: Wool can absorb a significant amount of moisture without feeling wet. It wicks moisture away from the body, making it comfortable to wear in both cool and warm weather.
- Odor resistance: Wool is naturally odor-resistant, meaning it doesn’t need to be washed as frequently as other materials like cotton or synthetic fabrics.
Because of these properties, wool is not only highly functional but also requires special care when washing to avoid damaging its structure.
Understanding Wool Care Labels
Before you start washing any woolen garment, it’s essential to check the care label. Wool care labels provide specific instructions that are tailored to the garment’s fiber composition, weave, and finish. Some wool garments may be labeled as “dry clean only,” while others may allow for gentle hand or machine washing.
Key symbols to look for on wool care labels:
- Handwash symbol: This symbol indicates that the garment should only be washed by hand using cool water and a gentle detergent.
- Woolmark symbol: This is a certification from The Woolmark Company, signifying that the product is made from pure new wool. It may also indicate that the item can be machine washed if labeled accordingly.
- Do not bleach: Wool should never be bleached, as the harsh chemicals can break down the fibers.
- Do not tumble dry: Wool garments should be air-dried rather than tumble-dried, as the heat can cause them to shrink.
If the care label says “dry clean only,” it’s best to follow that advice to avoid damaging the garment.
How to Wash Wool: Handwashing
Handwashing is the safest method for cleaning most wool garments, especially delicate items like fine wool scarves, cashmere sweaters, and wool socks. Here’s how to handwash wool:
1. Gather Your Materials
- Mild wool detergent: Choose a detergent specifically designed for wool, such as Woolite or Eucalan. Regular laundry detergents can be too harsh for wool fibers.
- Large basin or sink: Ensure the basin or sink is clean and free from residue before use.
- Towels: You’ll need several clean towels for blotting and drying the garment.
2. Prepare the Water
Fill the basin or sink with cool or lukewarm water. Wool fibers are sensitive to temperature changes, so avoid using hot water, which can cause shrinkage.
3. Add Detergent
Add a small amount of wool detergent to the water. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for the correct detergent-to-water ratio. Swirl the water gently to disperse the detergent evenly.
4. Submerge the Garment
Place the wool garment in the water and gently press it down to ensure it’s fully submerged. Avoid rubbing, wringing, or scrubbing the fabric, as this can damage the fibers and cause felting. Let the garment soak for about 10-15 minutes.
5. Rinse
After soaking, drain the soapy water and refill the basin with fresh, cool water. Swish the garment around gently to remove the detergent. You may need to repeat this step a few times to ensure all the soap is rinsed out.
6. Remove Excess Water
Once rinsed, carefully lift the garment out of the water without wringing or twisting it. Lay it flat on a clean towel and roll the towel up with the garment inside to gently press out excess water. Repeat this process with a second dry towel if necessary.
7. Dry Flat
Lay the wool garment flat on a dry towel, reshaping it as necessary. Wool should always be dried flat to maintain its shape. Avoid hanging wool garments to dry, as this can cause stretching. Keep the garment away from direct sunlight or heat sources, as these can cause the wool to become brittle.
How to Wash Wool: Machine Washing
While handwashing is ideal, some wool garments can be safely washed in a washing machine if the care label permits. However, machine washing should be done with caution to avoid shrinking, felting, or damaging the fibers.
1. Use the Wool Cycle
Many modern washing machines have a specific “wool” or “delicate” cycle. This setting is designed to use lower temperatures and a gentler spin, minimizing the risk of fiber damage. If your machine doesn’t have a wool cycle, use the cold water setting and select the gentlest cycle available.
2. Use a Mesh Bag
Place your wool garment inside a mesh laundry bag to protect it during the wash. This is especially important for delicate items like wool socks, scarves, or fine knits.
3. Choose the Right Detergent
Always use a detergent formulated for wool, as regular detergents can strip the natural oils from the fibers, making the wool feel scratchy and dry.
4. Wash with Similar Items
To prevent friction and pilling, wash wool items with similar fabrics (e.g., other wool or delicates). Avoid washing wool with heavy items like jeans or towels, which can cause abrasion.
5. Skip the Spin Cycle
If possible, skip the spin cycle, as this can stretch or distort the wool fibers. Instead, carefully remove the garment from the machine and gently press out excess water using the towel method described in the handwashing section.
6. Dry Flat
As with handwashing, always dry wool garments flat on a towel. Reshape the garment while it’s damp to maintain its original size and form.
Drying Wool: Tips for Success
Wool garments should never be tumble dried, as the heat can cause significant shrinkage. Instead, follow these drying tips:
- Reshape the garment: While the wool is still damp, gently reshape it to its original dimensions. Pay particular attention to areas like sleeves, collars, and hems.
- Use multiple towels: Wool can hold a lot of water, so you may need to swap out the drying towel for a fresh one after a few hours.
- Avoid direct heat: Never place wool near radiators, heaters, or in direct sunlight, as this can dry out the fibers and cause the garment to become brittle.
How to Remove Stains from Wool
If you notice a stain on your wool garment, it’s important to treat it as soon as possible. Here are some common stains and how to treat them on wool:
- Food and drink stains: Blot the stain gently with a damp cloth and apply a small amount of wool detergent. Avoid scrubbing, as this can damage the fibers. Rinse the area with cool water.
- Oil-based stains: Sprinkle a small amount of cornstarch or talcum powder on the stain and let it sit for several hours. Brush away the powder and repeat if necessary before washing the garment.
- Ink stains: Dab the stain with a cloth soaked in rubbing alcohol, but test the alcohol on an inconspicuous area of the fabric first to ensure it doesn’t cause discoloration.
Storing Wool Garments
Proper storage is key to maintaining the longevity of your wool items. Wool is prone to moth damage, so follow these tips to store your garments safely:
- Clean before storing: Always clean wool garments before storing them, as moths are attracted to dirt, sweat, and food particles.
- Use cedar or lavender: Cedar blocks or lavender sachets can help repel moths and keep your wool garments fresh.
- Store in a cool, dry place: Wool garments should be stored in breathable cotton or linen bags in a cool, dry area. Avoid storing wool in plastic bags, as these can trap moisture and lead to mildew.
Troubleshooting Common Wool Issues
1. Shrinkage
If your wool garment shrinks, it may be possible to stretch it back to its original size. Soak the garment in lukewarm water mixed with hair conditioner, then gently stretch it while damp. Lay it flat to dry, reshaping as necessary.
2. Pilling
Pilling occurs when wool fibers rub against each other, forming small balls of fuzz. Use a fabric shaver or a sweater comb to gently remove pills without damaging the garment.
3. Itchiness
If your wool garment feels scratchy, try washing it with a wool conditioner or a bit of hair conditioner. This can help soften the fibers and make the garment more comfortable to wear.
Conclusion
wool doesn’t have to be intimidating. By following these guidelines, you can safely clean your wool garments and keep them looking fresh for years to come. Whether you choose to handwash or machine wash, the key is to handle wool gently and use the right products to preserve its natural properties. With proper care, your wool items will continue to provide warmth, comfort, and style throughout the seasons.
