How to Run Python 2.7 on AlmaLinux 9

How to Run Python 2.7 on AlmaLinux 9. Running Python 2.7 on AlmaLinux 9 can be challenging due to the deprecation of Python 2 and its exclusion from modern Linux distributions’ default repositories. However, for users reliant on legacy applications or systems, there are ways to get Python 2.7 up and running securely and efficiently. This guide explores various methods to install and manage Python 2.7 on AlmaLinux 9, alongside their advantages, limitations, and best practices for long-term maintenance.

 Understanding the Challenges

Python 2.7 reached its end-of-life on January 1, 2020, meaning no official updates, including security patches, are provided anymore. AlmaLinux 9, a modern enterprise-level operating system, adheres to the latest security and stability standards, which is why Python 2.7 is not included in its default repositories. Despite this, many legacy systems, applications, and scripts still rely on Python 2.7, creating a need for alternative installation methods.

 Methods to Install and Run Python 2.7 on AlmaLinux 9

1. Compiling Python 2.7 from Source

Compiling Python 2.7 from source provides the flexibility to install it on any modern Linux system. While this method requires technical expertise, it ensures a tailored installation that meets specific needs.

Steps:

  1. Update the System
    Begin by ensuring your system’s packages are up-to-date.

    bash
    sudo dnf update -y
  2. Install Development Tools and Dependencies
    Development tools and libraries are necessary for compiling software from source. Install them using:

    bash
    sudo dnf groupinstall "Development Tools" -y
    sudo dnf install openssl-devel bzip2-devel libffi-devel -y
  3. Download the Python 2.7 Source Code
    Use the following commands to download and extract the source code for Python 2.7.18 (the final Python 2 release):

    bash
    curl -O https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.18/Python-2.7.18.tar.xz
    tar -xf Python-2.7.18.tar.xz
    cd Python-2.7.18
  4. Compile and Install
    Configure the build, compile the source, and install Python.

    bash
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local --enable-shared --enable-unicode=ucs4
    make
    sudo make altinstall
  5. Update Environment Variables
    Update the system’s library path to ensure Python 2.7 works correctly.

    bash
    echo 'export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH' >> ~/.bashrc
    source ~/.bashrc

Advantages

  • Fully customizable installation.
  • No reliance on third-party tools or repositories.

Limitations

  • Time-consuming and requires technical expertise.
  • No automated security updates.

 2. Using Virtual Environments

For development purposes, isolating Python 2.7 in a virtual environment ensures that the main system remains unaffected. This method is ideal for users who occasionally need Python 2.7 but primarily work with Python 3.

Steps:

  1. Install Python 2.7 Virtual Environment Tools
    Install virtualenv using Python 2’s package manager.

    bash
    sudo dnf install python2
    sudo pip2 install virtualenv
  2. Create a Python 2.7 Virtual Environment
    Set up a virtual environment specifically for Python 2.7.

    bash
    virtualenv -p /usr/bin/python2.7 ~/venv27
  3. Activate the Virtual Environment
    Enter the virtual environment to start using Python 2.7.

    bash
    source ~/venv27/bin/activate
  4. Deactivate When Finished
    Exit the virtual environment when you are done.

    bash
    deactivate

Advantages

  • No impact on the system-wide Python configuration.
  • Lightweight and easy to set up.

Limitations

  • Not suitable for large-scale deployments.
  • Requires periodic reactivation.

 3. Running Python 2.7 in Docker

Docker provides an isolated and controlled environment to run applications. This method is particularly useful for testing and deployment scenarios.

Steps:

  1. Install Docker
    Set up Docker on AlmaLinux 9.

    bash
    sudo dnf install docker -y
    sudo systemctl start docker
    sudo systemctl enable docker
  2. Run a Python 2.7 Container
    Pull and run a Python 2.7 image from Docker Hub.

    bash
    docker run -it python:2.7 bash
  3. Execute Python Commands
    Inside the container, you can execute Python 2.7 scripts as needed.

Advantages

  • Completely isolated environment.
  • Easy to set up and remove when no longer needed.

Limitations

  • Additional overhead of running a container runtime.
  • Requires familiarity with Docker.

 4. Extended Lifecycle Support (ELS)

Extended Lifecycle Support is an excellent option for organizations that cannot migrate from Python 2.7 due to business-critical applications. ELS providers deliver security patches and updates for unsupported software versions.

Steps:

  1. Subscribe to an ELS Provider
    Enroll in a service that offers extended support for Python 2.7.
  2. Follow Installation and Configuration Guidelines
    ELS providers typically offer detailed documentation for integrating Python 2.7 into your AlmaLinux 9 environment.

Advantages

  • Ongoing security patches for legacy software.
  • Suitable for enterprise environments.

Limitations

  • Often involves subscription fees.
  • Dependency on external support providers.

 Comparison of Methods

Below is a comparison of the discussed methods:

Method Best For Advantages Limitations
Compiling from Source Advanced users Fully customizable Time-intensive, no automated updates
Virtual Environments Developers Isolated and lightweight Limited to specific scenarios
Docker Containers Testing and deployment Fully isolated, portable Requires Docker knowledge
Extended Lifecycle Support Enterprises Security patches for unsupported versions Involves costs, dependency on external support

 Security Best Practices

When using Python 2.7 on AlmaLinux 9, keep the following security best practices in mind:

  • Restrict Access: Limit Python 2.7 usage to trusted environments and users.
  • Isolate Environments: Use virtual environments or containers to minimize the impact of vulnerabilities.
  • Monitor Regularly: Stay updated on known vulnerabilities associated with Python 2.7 and implement mitigations as needed.
  • Plan Migration: Start transitioning legacy systems to Python 3 to avoid long-term risks and compatibility issues.

 Conclusion

Running Python 2.7 on AlmaLinux 9 is possible through various methods like compiling from source, using virtual environments, leveraging Docker containers, or subscribing to Extended Lifecycle Support. While each method has its advantages and limitations, the choice depends on the specific use case and technical expertise available.

For occasional use, virtual environments or Docker are recommended. However, enterprises managing critical systems should consider Extended Lifecycle Support for continued updates. Regardless of the approach, always prioritize security and consider transitioning to Python 3 for long-term sustainability.

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